과거제가 · 과거제를
civil service examination system (gwageo)
Example
고려 시대에 처음으로 과거제가 실시되었어요.
The state examination system was first introduced in the Goryeo period.
Word parts
과 subject+거 select+제 system
Choosing officials by exam subjects; -제 = system: 과거제, 신분제.
Good to know
과거 (state exam) is a homonym of 과거 (the past); context makes it clear.