-(으)ㄴ

How to use it

Attach to a verb stem to describe a noun with a completed action: 어제 본 영화 'the movie I saw yesterday'. Vowel stems take -ㄴ (ㄹ drops: 만들다 → 만든); consonant stems take -은.

Forming it

With adjectives -(으)ㄴ is present, not past: 예쁜 꽃 = a pretty flower. For a verb's present use -는: ✗ 지금 먹은 사람 (meaning 'eating now') → 지금 먹는 사람.

Examples

• 어제 본 영화가 정말 재미있었어요.

  The movie I saw yesterday was really fun.

• 제가 만든 김치예요. 한번 드셔 보세요.

  This is kimchi I made. Please try some.

Compared with similar patterns

-는 = action happening now or habitually; -(으)ㄹ = future or not yet done; -았/었던 recalls a past event that is over or no longer true.

Related patterns

• -(으)ㄴ/는 noun modifier, present (A-(으)ㄴ, V-는)
• -(으)ㄹ noun modifier for future / not yet done: the N to do, the N I will do
• -았/었던 that (once) did / was — completed past, often no longer true