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Korean grammar patterns › Level 1

-(으)ㄴ/는

noun modifier, present (A-(으)ㄴ, V-는)

Level 1 · TOPIK I · beginner

How to use it

Turns a verb or adjective into a modifier that comes before a noun. Adjectives take -(으)ㄴ; verbs take -는 for the present. Words ending in 있다/없다 take -는 (재미있는, 맛없는).

Forming it

크다→ 큰
작다→ 작은
먹다→ 먹는
맛있다→ 맛있는

ㄹ drops: 만들다 → 만드는, 길다 → 긴. ㅂ-irregulars: 춥다 → 추운, 맵다 → 매운. ✗ 맛있은 → 맛있는.

Examples

Compared with similar patterns

-(으)ㄴ on a verb is the past modifier (먹은 빵, 'the bread I ate'); -(으)ㄹ is the future/prospective modifier (먹을 빵).

Related patterns