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Korean grammar patterns › Level 4

N(으)로 인해(서)

due to, because of N (formal)

Level 4 · TOPIK II · intermediate

How to use it

Gives the cause, usually of a negative event or change, in formal speech, news and writing.

Forming it

사고→ 사고로 인해
태풍→ 태풍으로 인해서
폭우→ 폭우로 인한

The particle is (으)로: 사고로, 태풍으로 (✗ 사고에 인해). Too formal for casual talk, where N 때문에 is used.

Examples

Compared with similar patterns

N 때문에 (G2-007) is the everyday form. N 탓에 (G4-010) blames the cause; N(으)로 인해 is neutral and formal.

Related patterns